Secularism, India and Commonsense.

Posters for Anand Pathwardhan's Film, Ram Ke Naam

This is clearly not a research paper...so it has not been footnoted and referenced- but at the same time i would be happy to share references if you ask me to....
Uploading a combined version of two emails i sent to a friend during the election period answering some questions about religion, othering and secularism. Many conversations i overheard after the 16th of May made me want to share this...the mails are un edited.  

                     ***

I have seen my Muslim friends in Gujarat become more communal in their thinking ...and slowly very narrow minded communal...how it happened...how did my friends end up staying in large urban ghettos....and listing to hardcore Saudi Arabian version of fundamentalist Islam. 

India had been ruled by Muslim kings and since a child i was taught that even though some of them were 'great' but they destroyed Hindu temples and cultures...this was the commonsense we all grew up with...these stories then were strengthened through our history books as facts. 

as i grew up and started studying history i realized that all these 'facts' were completely fabricated....and the fabrication was not done through lies but by telling one part of the story.....and that fabrication was also made possible by us not asking too many question. 

During my studies i learnt few things that completely changed my understanding of Hindu Muslim history

1. If one looks at history till the coming of British more Buddhist and Hindu temples have been destroyed by insiders (Hindus and Dalits) then the destruction done by Muslims. Large temples were looked at as storehouse of wealth and the pride of the king...so as a principle kings who own battles plundered temples or monasteries....or sometimes after the death of the king or after he becomes weak Dalits have plundered Hindu temples in acts of militant political resistance against the Bramhins. 
2. What we know and celebrate as the Indian Hindu culture today is a result of direct patronage by Muslim kings...from Tulsidas's Ramayana and the Hanuman Chalisa to nearly all the books and music we cherish has developed after 1100 AD in Muslim ruled North India, often under the direct patronage of Muslim kings...almost all the support of translating Sanskrit verses to Bengali Guajarati, Hindi and Urdu...and publishing them as books happned under Muslim patronage.  The spread of Jainism in India was made possible by Akbar. We just read one line in history books that Akbar was a patron of Jainism...but we are never told to what degree he supported the religion. Akbar was the first king to have a 'all India' ban on animal slaughter on the birth anniversary of Tirthankaras. One year one such anniversary fell on bakri id...Akbar ruled that law was law and so no animal sacrifices would happen.The Muslim were so angry that there were riots!!!
3. More than 50% soldiers of Prithwiraj chahan's army were Muslims and more than 70% soldiers of the invading Mulsim king’s army was Hindu...Babar was invited into India by Hindu kings. Could never understand why our so called neutral school history books hide these stories and by doing that they do they make it sound communal?
4. it was the eurpeans not hindus who had a historic problem with the muslims..and for 400 years before coming to india, these europeans have been fighting muslims in the middle east (israle, palestine turkey iran iraq ) in the long war known as Crusades. when they came into india they came in with the cultural baggage and started supporting hindus against muslims. 
5. when the british came in the muslims were the strongest political class..this along with the crusades lead to Britishers framing policies that went against the muslims...and also they actively recruited more hindus to work under them....western education became the norm to get jobs and in school all the kids read books written by the british...slowly generations of hindus and muslims grew up looking at each other increasingly in a communal manner. since the mainsteam history was only one sided, the muslims began slowly  to belive the history told by the mosque to be their true history. the hidus were very comfortable with the history the britishers taught them...it gave them a sense of victimhood...and made them feel that now 'your time has come to rise and shine' . 
6. Traditionally islam in india has been resistant to maulabis and mosques and has spread more through sufi saints and dargas..and it is only after independence that slowly this is becoming reverse. 
7. the partition brought out the worst communal nightmares and since then Pakistan and India were formed. Pakistan declared itself to be Islamic ..India chose to be secular...but the idea of secularism it was learning and practicing was the British idea...with the British gone...and Hindus ruling India again ..we did not rethink how silently carrying on with British polices and history will disturb the culture of secularism...by then our commonsense was so formed ...we had grown up understanding history in such a communal way...so much latent inter community distrust and anger.This inability to inculturise secularism is hurting many post colonial nation states. 
8. from the 70's on congress stared playing votebank politics they never did anything for the befit of muslims...but they supported all the bad cultures within islam...from propeerty to education to marriage as a nation we went on passing laws pushing the hindus towards being modern and contemporary...but in the game of pleasing them...congress made the muslims completely backward. 
9. the combined wave of Arab/Pakistani sponsored terrorism and RSS lead saffronistion (the sponsors and producers of both Ramayana and Mahabharata are businessmen with close bjp/rss connection and the ayodha temple movement was a rss master-plan) completely began to sandwich both the hindu and muslim moderate voice...slowly.
10. the babri masjid controversy fully exposed how even normal middle class educated hindus had become narrow and communal. people easly made up their minds that babri masjid should be destroyed. they completely forgot that that is not how historical corrections are done. that way we will have to vacate our cities cause originally farmers used to stay there and have been sometimes violently displaced. before the babri masjid ramayan mahabhata wave...bjp used to always win 2-10 seats . the wave saw them jump to 82 in one election. it was actually a 80 seat jump just based one one large saffron wave. around this time they quickly judged that one can encash this congress created situation....muslims are unhappy and backward...hindus are not happy thinking congress in doing vote-bank politics and supporting muslims. 
11. i used to stay in gandhinagar and just outside my house some late nights or early mornings there would be rss meets..apart of singing and exercise...and other stuff...there used to be be a section....what is the state of hindus...and what should hindus do? to my ears it sounded exactly like a hindu version of madrasa history. 

all these lessons gathered and made me realise that for India to be a sustainable culture we have to slowly rethink our commonsense and maybe the first step is by not justifying one position and justifying the others position..slowly creating space for the other to justify your position

i might not show it but i am a deeply patriotic man who is very proud of the culture of our land...love the country like my mother and i can fight with her if i am feeling that she is doing something wrong. 

also feel that we have really opened up a very disturbing window for radical islam to spread in india. 

What i dont like about the bjp is that having seen the crisis created by the congress they do not want to solve or address it...instead they are trying their best to be naughty...to play with the problem and gain by creating more mischief. 

As at the etichical level one can never forgive riots...but a politicaly cornered me, can forgive Modi after the Gujarat riots. every politician is a cold blooded murderer and Modi just encased upon a already communal Gujarat. i have now lived in many cities and it is only in Gujarat and in Bombay that which religion, which caste questions are asked so much. after marring into a Gujarati family even some friends hailing originally from other states went through a change. in bengal bihar assam we always say bengali, bihari, asames..and call call people by their culture...They have now started saying he is a Gujarati and he is a Muslim. ...this othering is increasing in Gujarat ..not going away...and it has become a part of commonsense...so any good politician will use it. 

what i am uncomfortable with the bjp is that the party silently creates and nurtures this commonsense...that little othering is there in all of us...but whether it is played up or played down by the leaders make a lot of difference . 

it has been 12 years since Gujarat riots..it is so easy for me to hold no grouse ... my opposition against Modi since the riots has been more of his development model then of anything else...in this 12 years the quality of government funded health care and education has gone very low in Gujarat...government electricity supply  has not become better at all.Only the privatized networks get little expensive but continuous electricity...Gujarat was already a prosperous state with good roads and hard working businessmen...also he as a style of working which is appealing in a leader...projects himself to be dictatorial  efficient...things that we as a nation need. but that alone is not enough...efficient at doing what is also a question. i first began to have doubts when he began to say that he will implement the Gujarat model in India. 

anyone with little understanding of the country and economics will know that laborer, working class,farmer, businessman ratio is very different in Gujarat compared to any other major state...in Gujarat there is hardly any opposition party.....and the funny part is in a 15-17 posts cabinet modi himself holds all the important portfolios...such style of working will not work. infact i always tell my pro bjp fiends if modi comes to power what will be the ministry!

but that really sent alarm bells ringing that Modi's first decision after being chosen as bjp's PM candidate was to nominate Amit Shah as campaign head of Uttarpradesh! believe me it was his first decision... even if one forgives Modi for 2002 one cannot forgive Amit Shah the chief mastermind. one knew amit shah was been sent to uttarpradesh to polarise it and spread trouble cause without at-least 40 seats from UP there was no hope. Sure enough within a month there was riots in muzaffarabad in western UP a key Bjp target area. 'Google why did modi send amit shah to up'

the last 10 years of the congress has been very bad for the country's middle class and the poor ...Modi is offering no new policies but saying will do same things more efficiently! that itself is also chilling. 

i don't think congress deserves a vote at all...in fact for me it is a slap on my face that congress and bjp are the only options...one party selectively communal another partly compulsively communal...both funded by corporates to further their interests.....looking at Manmohan as a good economist who likes american style pro corporate policies they funded the congress....finding him inefficient they are funding Modi. 

all news papers and tv channels are owned by them !

Map of Early growth of Islamic Kingdoms in India 

and you know how much we don't think!

we were always told that Muslims came from outside...we were also told that they were Mohammed of Ghor and Muhammad of Gazni ....we never even asked where Ghor and Gazni are...both of them are in Afghanistan re...very much a part of pre British north India...Afghanistan was known as Gandhar...in Mahabharata we also have a gandhari (queen from gandhar desh)....so now it seems history of muslim invasion as history books tell us is not invasion at all!..kings from our land only fighting other kings...

we just do not ask basic questions

Conceptualizing FLOW | Thinking through Vibha Galhotra's Artistic Practice.

“FLOW-II” metal beads {ghungroos} on fabric, 48“ x 96”, 2014

This text has been written for Vibha Galhotra's Solo booth Art|Basel Hong Kong|May|15--18

Vibha Galhotra has emerged as one of the most important sculptural abstractionist; developing a language within ‘new genre sculpture’. Over the years her works have carried deep empathy with concerns about public spaces and environment, which have been encoded in large sculptural poetries. As one of the rare artist who makes large scale sculptures and assemblages, and give them a value beyond the ‘Spectacle'*, Galhotra’s works gives us moments of pause and contemplation in the ‘contemporary society of the hyper spectacular’. Matte, monochromatic, darkness, rust come into making a language that has created an alternative to the bling, plasma, and fluorescent dominated contemporary visual culture. 

Galhotra symbolizes the eclectic turn in contemporary understanding of medium and material. Her practice has always resisted being framed by the medium.She works in varied mediums including photography, animation, found object, performance, installation and sculpture. Each material is used for a reason to convey the conceptual thread. Monumental scale and intimate use of material open up ways to go beyond the dystopia of mainstream urbanity and imagine an alternative narrative. For her medium becomes a mean to create and consider different narratives about globalization and growth. Her work has always transgressed the zones between art and citizenship - challenging definitions of art, ecology, economy, science, spirituality and activism.

Abstraction has always been a significant tool for artists seeking to (re) create emptiness (void) in space and time. Philosophically this question of absence and presence has been felt to be one of the biggest challenges for artists. For Galhotra these questions of emptiness, void, pause have been the most important formal challenges. Especially because her work is (also) a medium for her to express deep concerns about public spaces and lived environment along with her emotional connect with nature. Ideology and detachment both become important for Galhotra. This makes Galhotra an artist who transgresses the definitions of narrative and abstraction.

“FLOW is a series of work which started with mapping of the river passing by the city I live in. My intention is to recreate an image by deconstructing the existing image. As mentioned above that the walks around the flowing river which is dead now has been the inspiration for this series of work. I being an observer and documenting the time, layering life with the flowing river. I am creating a organically sewn, aesthetical surface to invite the viewer, to the clean and beautiful facade to talk about the chaos behind.”

Vibha Galhotra

“FLOW” metal beads {ghungroos} on fabric, 84 x 96, 2014

When mighty rivers flow, they carry with them memories of land they flow by as sediments. From being fertile, to being toxic, to healing, these sediments are embedded with markers of the lands and civilizations and their relationship with nature. Flow is a metaphor that works within the zones of temporality and permanence; we attach it to time, water, life and thoughts. Her practice works within the poetry around the aesthetics of flow and the memories of sediments.

The murder of Yamuna by all the toxic waste being pumped in by the city of Delhi was very disturbing for the artist and brought her to the doors of exploring larger questions about relationship between rivers and the civilizations. Emotionally there was a realization that these rivers have been suffocated and poisoned by the great cities that they have nurtured. One can register this as the basic impulse that has lead the artist to explore rivers and work with the markers and memories they carry.

Gallery View-  SEDIMENTS AND THE OTHER UNTITLED..... at Exhibit320

However Galhotra is not interested in lapsing the space between aesthetics and ideology, in fact working with both, yet bypassing both these binaries creates the key value in her artistic practice. Thus we come across a body of works which is deeply (in) vested in citizenship, yet marking the confluence of aesthetics and hermeneutics in an neo-Kantian manner, exploring how narratives and temporality interact and ultimately return to the question of the meaning of being, the self and self-identity.

Flow layers the discourse of Globalisation with Universalism and Neo Kantian Humanism. The rivers and their sediments become reflections of contemporary humanity and the environment that we shape. Yet these reflections are not shiny, they don’t jump out asking you to see them, they open the space for imagination to travel, for the senses to get a break away from the visual culture of contemporary urbanity. Creating metaphors through shapes she fashions space and time for the reflection to come from within.

*“The Society of the Spectacle” by Guy Debord. First published during 1967 in France.

The leaders we want

This post is in a reactive dialogue with images such as these that have been flooding my visual space. 

As days pass, i think it is maddening to see the political dumbness around in this country. Before Modi was declared the BJP PM candidate, i could still understand people fantasying about him as PM. Everyone from their own positions has been frustrated by the Congress which for the last ten years has been trying to keep the social stalemates alive and yet silently push a global corporate agenda. It was but understandable that the large sections of democracy does not think critically (it seems they tend to think re-actively); and that section would find Mr. Narendar Modi as very attractive. As it is the electronic media has numbed our reactions to violence and crime...and it has been over 20 years of watching riots and terrorism on television while having dinner and the breaking off into watching Pepsi ads. 

It has become un-understandable and maddening now cause after being named the BJP official PM candidate, Modi has shown many many disgusting colors. Many arguments have been made against Modi and I do not think i want to add to that, but how is it that it has gone unnoticed that Modi only keeps thugs and god-men around him. Mark my words...only.  Apart form Arun Jaitley (who Modi desperately needs, and whose greed desperately needs Modi), all the educated , liberal  withing the BJP were quickly marginalized. Some like Jaswanth Singh have had the guts to openly revolt. It has come to such a farce, that one cannot think who are the people who will be entrusted important cabinet posts. Also the sheer amount of money this one man has spend, not promoting a partly or a ideology or even a broader slogan...but just his name is staggering. 

Is this the kind of leaders we want? Is that the message we want to give our children by making heros of people like Modi? As it is when we go on saying we want a strong leader, we acknowledge that as citizens we want to be lazy and surrender. Asking for a strong leader is the first sign of a weak nation. More so when people stop asking how is the leader going to use the strength!!!
It also shows how very intelligent we are, when we fall into the "If you are anti Modi, You are pro Congress" trap. 

When You Push

When you push
and it does not move;
Then you feel like pushing harder.
When you push harder
and it does move;
Then you feel like pushing more.
When you push more
and it does not move;
Then you feel like pushing harder.

Space, anger, victory, defeat...
all become one.
Push is a hard word
Easier to pull gently than to push softly.

When you push
and it does not move;
Then you feel like pushing harder.
When you pull or hug
and it does not move;
Will you do it (again) softer?
Same thing with small differences
create different journeys for the soul. 

A Short Note on Gulam Mohammed Sheikh's 'Art and Art History'

Art and Art History | Gouache | 30 x 40 cm | 1996 |

Courtesy. Shirish Panchal Collection. 

As a critical post modern miniaturist, Sheikh has been a member of the avant-garde who reinvented the idea of narrative for Contemporary Indian Art. The title of the work reminds one of Binod Behari Mukherjee’s murals, reflecting a continuity of thought around art, its history and its pedagogy. Yet in the hands of Binod Behari’s student this analogy of discipline and landscape becomes restless and radical. There are hints of deep, yet almost untraceable shadows of surrealist iconography that anticipates a dystopia. My eyes can see Beauty enshrined and protected, yet being washed away by storm and inferno. Art and its history are man made, yet the universe weeps when art dies. But it never dies, always survives the storm.

The handling of material is starling. Gouache as medium has defined by its opaque character. Sheik transforms it, challenging gouache to become water colour. These eclectic expectations from medium challenge our notions regarding relationships between the physical and the conceptual.

Steps on the pavement

That evening he walked out of the jail gates...

And it was moments before sunset

As he kept walking

Steps on the pavement

He almost felt it was home

Walking down the path

By now deserted

Steps on the pavement 

Big dark city on a winter night

'Akele Hum Akele Tum' playing through a stranger window

Somehow brought back memories

Of radios and winter nights

Life lay scattered like unplanned lanes leading to various no-wheres 

Fourteen years in prison makes one forget a lot

That chilling murder he could never forget

But they made him work in the 'mess' for fourteen years

Food was the last thing on his mind

By now hunger had become a distant dream 

Steps on the pavement 

She was not at home

The posters was still up on her wall

But there were cobwebs in the balcony

A sleeping neighborhood

At the end you are just alone

Steps on the pavement

A car rushing past

Life disappearing in the rear view mirror

As he kept walking

He almost felt it was home

Claws on the pavement

The feel of dogs behind him

The quietness and silence felt like death

Some of them

Many of them

Remembering the posters was still up on her wall

He kept on walking

But he forgot that there were cobwebs in the balcony

Steps on the pavement

Pretending not to run

The roads parted

Like they did in those filthy school books.

Like it had fourteen years ago

One path seemed lightened

The other was dark

He chose the light this time

Untimely salvation is worse than sin

The road ended under a a dead banyan tree

And an old blind dog

The steps on the pavement stopped

The steely silence of a winter night 

The claws on the pavement had stopped

'Akele Hum Akele Tum' floating from a distant radio

Still as a monk, the blind dog sat

He stood still as his life flashed by

And then that deafening bark from the monk

All the dogs attacked

A silence that only death can carry

Blood on the pavement 

A car rushing past

Life disappearing in the rear view mirror

The golden coast of Malabar

The Golden Coast of Malabar | Story told in words by Rahul Bhattacharya, re told visually by Samudra Kajal Saikia | Order your copy at kankhowa@gmail.com.

One happy day when I was a young little boy, someone told me, that the coast of Malabar is very beautiful and neat.

One day I went and I saw, that the sea was blue, the trees were green and along with the golden sand, the coast of Malabar was special indeed.

One happy day in Malabar, I was lying on the sand. When an ant came and bit me here, bit me there and went.

Then came another ant, slowly there came many more ants; they bit me here, bit me there, they really bite me everywhere.

On that beautiful day in the coast of Malabar, as I was dying in pain, I heard a small voice talk to me and call me by my name. 

“I am sorry Mr. Donkey” I heard him say. “These are all young ants and they shall learn their lessons one day.”

He climbed my nose and proceeded to say, “Please do not attack our small little hole, our queen begs to be forgiven, or so I am told.”

Then he turned to the young little ants. “I warn you again you little young ants”, he crackled as he spoke, “If you go on biting, the humans will fill our holes”.

That strange morning on the beautiful Malabar sand, I could not help praising the crackling old ant.

If indeed he had not come by, I would have really filled the nearest ant hole before saying goodbye.

A small story I saw...

***

It was a hot summer evening everywhere near my house, and as I lay beside the pickles mother had left for sunning, I saw a colony of red ants. Like in all ant colonies, a board at the entrance read 

“tiredness is a word outside the Dictionary of Ants”.

Now, like all words, Mr. Tiredness hates not being printed in all the dictionaries, and ever since I can remember, and I can remember a lot of things, Mr. Tiredness was trying his best to be a word in the Dictionary of Ants. 

Every time he saw an ant colony, he would camp nearby and hope to be introduced to the Dictionary. As I looked through the blades of grass, I saw a pale blue man who looked like he was doing nothing.

He was setting up his tent about 5 meters away from the ant hole. Did I forget to tell you that he was very small indeed? Nearly 6 centimeters tall, he was about the size of a cockroach. Imagine it very wobbly and walking upright.

He looked much tiered; and he was complaining “how much I hate to work……even if a lot of it means doing simply nothing”. He lay there hoping for a quick introduction to the Dictionary of Ants.

***

 The little ant Alina had never felt like this before. She was actually looking for a place to sit. Till now she had been busy walking with the ant army, ready to attack a sticky yellow toffee which I had spit out a few minutes before.

Taking a turn away from the line she was walking in, she spotted a shade under a blade of glass and sat there.  She started staring at the sky and sometimes at her mates busily walking by.

Slowly but surely Ruchi, Jason, Rumana, and Jeet joined her. Many other ants had started wanting to sit down. Slowly but surely all of them started yawning. Jason even started dreaming about sleep

 “Wait….. Wait don’t do that”…. my mind screamed, but before I could do anything, the gardener aimed his water pipe right  at the ant hill, the water drops started helplessly landing and hoping to escape a bite.

 

As the waters drops started landing on the ant hill, Jeet jumped up, “these Pants are horrible”…… “They always come between us and our lives”. Jeet started rubbing his chin in anger. Oh yes! He nearly rubbed his chin right in.

Rumana always shouts when she is angry. “Stop wetting us” She burst out a shout, her brain began to heat up with every drop of cold water that fell. I wanted about to stop the maali, so started just thinking what to yell.

I was surprised to see the line of ants still carrying on, unaffected by the gentle spray….only our angry ant friends seemed disturbed………only our tiered young ants seemed disturbed.

 By now Alina had picked up a ball of mud and flung it at the nearest water drop. She started screaming “Pants are merciless” …… Jason stood up... “We need to revolt”.  Then I saw Anpu joining the group.

 Stamping her feet on the ground, Anpu started to give a great speech and asking all the ants to bite the gardener. Stamping their feet on the ground all the 6 ants started singing “Bite the gardener, Bite that Pant”.  

 By then our angry ant friends were sitting around and trying to imagine a good way to bite us Pants. They were yawning and yawning planning a bite. They dreamed and dreamed for a bite.

Through the corner of my eyes I caught a small movement. Mr. Tiredness had stopped had just started doing something. He hates cold water just like your pet; as soon as his tent started leaking, he busily packed up his bags and withered away.

It was strange to see Alina get up and join the line of ants. Soon Ruchi got up. Soon all of them had joined the line and had all started walking in a row. Marching with the beat that only the ants are supposed to know.

I heard Mr. Tiredness had gone to buy a waterproof tent and will be back very soon, so the next time you are bitten by an ant do not forget to look. You will surely spot a pale blue man who looks like a balloon.

***